Athena Research free essay sample

Athena is the goddess of intelligence and fighting. She is the most loved girl of Zeus. There are a wide range of renditions of how Athena became. The most acknowledged form is that Athena was brought into the world an offspring of Zeus by his first spouse, Metis, a goddess of shrewdness. Zeus expected that Metis may bear him a child who was mightier than himself, so he gulped her. As indicated by certain accounts, Zeus reserved each privilege to fear this since Mother Earth had forecasted that Metis first kid would be a young lady, however her subsequent youngster would be a kid that would oust Zeus as had happened to is father and his granddad. Zeus acknowledged this admonition. This is the reason he gulped Metis. It is accepted this is the place Zeus picked up his astuteness. Before gulping his significant other he was said to have had no minds. Little did Zeus realize that Metis was at that point with kid. We will compose a custom paper test on Athena Research or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page While caught inside Zeus, Metis started to make a head protector and robe for her unborn little girl. All that thumping and beating made Zeus endure horrible migraines, so he required his child Hephaestus. Hephaestus split his dads skull open to mitigate the torment, and out popped Athena, completely developed and wearing her new robe and head protector. The incomparable Athena was the first to show the study of numbers and all old womens expressions, for example, cooking, weaving and turning. She was the goddess of shrewdness and war, be that as it may, in contrast to the divine force of war Ares, she took no joy from fight, leaning toward rather to settle struggle through intercession. At the point when Athena was moved to participate in fight she never lost, even against Ares himself, for she was a far predominant arbitrator than he was. She bears no arms in the midst of harmony and will generally get weapons from Zeus when required. Since she was his preferred little girl and such a compelling warrior, he permitted her to acquire is fearsome Aegis, and his overwhelming thunderclaps. To be sure Athena was a valiant warrior and she was the solitary god to hold fast when Typhon assaulted Olympus. Typhon was the biggest, generally hazardous, and generally twisted all things considered. He was so terrifying and that when he assaulted Mount Olympus the entirety of the divine beings ran off to Egypt and shrouded themselves by taking the types of different creatures. Just Athena stood firm, and she disgraced and persuaded Zeus vigorously. Zeus hit Typhon with a thunderclap and utilized Uranus emasculating sickle to wound the colossal animal. Typhon withdrew to Mount Casius, where he and Zeus continued beneficiary battle, throwing mountains at each other, which brought about Typhon being squashed underneath what is currently known as Mount Aetna. Mount Olympus and the rule of Zeus were spared on account of Athena. Despite the fact that she was as unassuming as Artemis and Hestia, the other virgin goddesses, Athena was unmistakably increasingly liberal. A man called Tiresias risked upon Athena while she was scrubbing down and she was surprised to understand that he had gone into the room and seen her. Not having any desire to execute Tiresias for his silliness, she laid her hands over his eyes and blinded him, however gave him internal sight with the goal that Tiresias got one of the most notable prophets in Greece. One of only a handful not many occasions that Athena demonstrated touchiness was in her weaving challenge against the human named Arachne. Arachne thought she was the best weaver there Athena felt very disregarded and assumed the presence of an elderly person and appeared at Arachnes house to offer her some cordial guidance to regard the divine beings. Arachne was too vain to even think about listening and advised the elderly person to be gone. Let the incomparable Athena attempt her ability against mine, and on the off chance that I lose she can do whatever she satisfies with me, she gloated. That is when Athena dropped her camouflage and uncovered her actual personality. All the observers tumbled to their knees in worship aside from Arachne, who was unaffected. The two started their weaving challenge, and for some time Arachne stood her ground against Athena, in any event, making jokes about the divine beings through the woven artwork she created, however at last Athena had enough and contacted the arrogant human on the brow, causing her to feel her disgrace. Stunned at the acknowledgment of her vanity, Arachne ran off and draped herself from a tree. Feeling frustrated about the hanging of Arachne, Athena breathed life into her back, however with the goal that humans discover that it doesnt pay to contrast themselves with the divine beings, she changed Arachne into an arachnid. There she its, her and her descendents, always weaving their web, demonstration of the indiscretion of vanity. Athens was named after Athena and she turned into its defender after a debate with her uncle, Poseideon, the divine force of the ocean. Both Athena and Poseidon truly enjoyed a specific city on the shoreline of Greece, and them two guaranteed proprietorship. At long last, to comprehend the contest, it was concurred that whoever could give the city the best blessing would perpetually be supporter. Athena and Poseidon went to the Acropolis, where Poseidon hit the precipice side with his powerful trident. A spring gushed, which flabbergasted and intrigued the residents. Be that as it may, the spring was salt ater, so it wasnt truly very useful to anybody. Athena at that point gave the individuals a straightforward olive tree. In spite of the fact that it wasnt as noteworthy as a spring, it was undeniably increasingly valuable, since it gave the individuals oil, food, and even wood. In much appreciated, they named the city Athens. A few people in Greece despite everything adore Athena and give recognition to her at the Acropolis. Athena was the virgin goddess. She was likewise called Athena Parthenos. Parthenos implied virgin. This is the place the Parthenon originated from. The Parthenon sanctuary was worked to respect the virgin goddess. Despite the fact that she was a virgin there are tales about her child, Erichthonius. Erichthonius was conceived of the sperm of Hephaestus, Athenas sibling.

Price Hike Free Essays

India is confronting numerous difficult issues these days, yet the issue of value rise is the most genuine one. It is normal nowadays. The costs of fundamental products are going higher step by step. We will compose a custom exposition test on Value Hike or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now India is going through a tough time these days. The issue of prise-rise has gotten intense. The administration can't control the costs of important products. The ascent in costs is normal in a creating province like India. Be that as it may, when it runs wild, it causes extraordinary troubles for the general population. On the off chance that the issue isn't handled in a legitimate manner, it might take a genuine turn. There are numerous causes answerable at ascend in costs. Such ascent in costs may be because of normal disasters like floods, quakes and starvation and furthermore wars. The three wars among India and Pakistan and one among Indian and China since. 1962 have to a great extent influenced Indian economy. Different reasons of the taking off costs might be pay off, defilement, dark advertising, accumulating, carrying, profiteering and numerous other enemy of national and against social inclinations. The weight of populace development is likewise one of its causes. The most significant factor which is liable for value rise is the attitude of the individuals to get tycoon in a night. Significant expenses have exceptionally awful impact on the individuals. These rising costs increment the average cost for basic items. It is wretched that a little gathering of businesspeople procure a great deal of cash by unjustifiable methods for storing basic products. Attributable to this inclination a greater part of individuals need to endure untold difficulties. On the off chance that the current position proceeds, the white collar class individuals won't have the option to keep up their situation in the public eye. The administration knows about this issue. Various measures have been taken by the legislature. It is likewise attempting to build the creation of fundamental merchandise. The dissemination of these merchandise has additionally been made reasonable and successful. The weight of duties on the white collar class has been reduced. Be that as it may, rising costs can be checked just when the individuals co-work with the administration. The hoarders and the dark marketeers ought to be seriously rebuffed. Development of populace ought to be checked. Open segment ought to be supported. The administration should assume control over the exchange of basic products. The administration should discover available resources to expand the creation. There ought to be balance in flexibly and request. Just the consolidated endeavors of the administration and the individuals can take care of the issue The most effective method to refer to Price Hike, Papers

Profit Maximisation Model Essay Example

Benefit Maximization Model Essay Benefit Maximization model assists with foreseeing the value yield conduct of a firm under changing economic situations like duty rates, wages and pay rates, reward, the level of accessibility of assets, innovation, designs, tastes and inclinations of customers and so on. It is an exceptionally straightforward and unambiguous model. It is the absolute most perfect model that can clarify the typical conduct of a firm. It is frequently contended that no other elective theory can clarify and foresee the conduct of business firms better than benefit boost hypothesis.This model gives an appropriate knowledge in to the working conduct of a firm. There are all around created numerical models to clarify this theory in an orderly and logical way. Benefit amplification suggests acquiring most elevated conceivable measure of benefits during a given timeframe. A firm needs to create biggest measure of benefits by building ideal beneficial limit both in the short run and since quite a while ago r un contingent on different inside and outer components and forces.There ought to be appropriate harmony between short run and since quite a while ago run goals. In the short run a firm can make just slight or minor alterations in the creation procedure just as in business conditions. The plant limit in the short run is fixed and in that capacity, it can build its creation and deals by serious use of existing plants and hardware, having after some time work for the current staff and so on. Along these lines, in the short run, a firm has its own specialized and administrative constraints.But over the long haul, as there is a lot of time at the removal of a firm, it can extend and add to the current limits, develop new plants, utilize extra laborers and so forth to fulfill the rising need in the market. Accordingly, over the long haul, a firm will have sufficient time and adequate chance to make a wide range of alterations and corrections underway procedure and in its advertising metho dologies. It is to be noted with incredible consideration that a firm needs to expand its benefits in the wake of taking in to thought of different factors in to account.They are as per the following: 1. Evaluating and business procedures of opponent firms and its effect on the working of the given firm. 2. Forceful deals advancement arrangements embraced by rival firms in the market. 3. Without inciting the laborers to request higher wages and pay rates prompting ascend in activity costs. 4. Without instigating the laborers to request higher wages and compensations government controls and takeovers. 5. Keeping up the nature of the item and administrations to the clients. 6.Taking different rulers of dangers and vulnerabilities in the changing industry condition. 7. Receiving a steady business arrangement. 8. Keeping away from any kind of conflict between short run and since quite a while ago run benefits in the business strategy and keeping up legitimate harmony between them. 9. Ke eping up its notoriety, name, acclaim and picture in the market. 10. Benefit amplification is essential in both great and defective markets. In an ideal market, a firm is a value taker and under defective market it turns into a value searcher.

Evil And Angel Nature Of Human Being Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Abhorrence And Angel Nature Of Human Being - Essay Example The noticeable attributes are distinguished by nature in which an individual is supported. In any case some of the time nature assumes control over the sustain however it happens rarely. The most watched and conceded wonder is expressed by the effect of after birth development, condition and sustain. This obviously infers the way that both of the ways are principally accepted in human instinct yet the noticeable one is impacted through their common learning (Nietzsche and Faber, 1998). It tends to be reasoned that people are not terrible from their center; rather they are made by enlisting considerate mindset among them. Logical Arguments In lieu of posing the least key inquiry of looking through the reality about the idea of infants, it is exemplified that the brain of an infant has been quite recently like a vacant grandstand. In the unfilled feature, the child will hold the things which will be skilled to that person in the new world. Anyway it is medicinally demonstrated that inf ants take the impact of the external world before even the mother brings forth him. Human kids get immediate impact from the idea of guardians, grandparents, external condition and from the state of mind of their mom when they are inside their mothers’ stomaches. The investigation of human hereditary qualities uncovers the reality from the investigation of DNA and qualities. Anyway it may go inverse too on the grounds that everything depends over the quality of persuasive factors on pre birth kid brain research (Ridley, 2003). Inspiration driving Evil Acts Human kids are as brilliant animal as they have least social impact at the hour of birth anyway it goes embellished with the progression of time. Neighborhood trial investigate had been led by the researchers of Yale University. The outcomes clarified that children of little ages additionally have a near feeling of fortunate or unfortunate and they know to incline toward great over awful. Anyway this is the piece of realizi ng which is educated to them. Still the topic of fiendishness doings emerges the same number of individuals in this world enjoy insidious leads by knowing the results and noxious end results. There may be two reasons of proceeding with malicious behaviors which are observationally inspected and demonstrated i.e., Consequences are not legitimately connected to hurt their inclinations second, they are authorized to proceed with what they have been doing on the grounds that the results are sufficiently huge to hurt them adequately. It is only occasionally seen that individuals proceed with terrible doings while they were obscure as they are utilized to do well for the most part. For the most part this case is seen with more youthful creatures or in strict or lawful issues based on absence of related information (Stafford, 2013). What Makes a Man Evil? There are a few mental factors too which are sufficient noteworthy to change the conduct of a person. For example envy is a factor which further transforms into retribution and trick kind of fiendishness in the general public. In today’s current and contemporary condition, everyone battles to run quicker in the race of social class, style, pay and information. Envy is the least harming phase of social indecencies for instance, subsequent to seeing somebody wearing a costly wrist watch you abruptly think, â€Å"would that it was mine† (Nietzsche and Faber, 1998). This further makes you encouraged to see some path all together as ready to purchase such a costly scope of routine wear adornments. To make way of life better and rival others, a few people disregard the constraints of good and awful. This infers individuals are not normally off-base or terrible however some improvement can make them slanted towards an inappropriate behaviors. More often than not these off-base behaviors are upheld by overwhelming compensations for instance, an individual uncovers authoritative mysteries to any outsider or adv ersary so as to get cash from them. So also

Impact of the Globalization Process in Different Fields Essay

Effect of the Globalization Process in Different Fields - Essay Example This exposition diagrams the centrality of globalization process, that well brought about the rate of progress, together with various needs of countries and individuals. Globalization has blasted in the fallout of the oil emergency during the 1970s and it changed the overall expenses of creation sources of info and items, gave new catalyst to mechanical developments, fuelled worldwide monetary exchanges, as OPEC nations put their flooding incomes in the USA, changed the structure of exchange. As monetary power, globalization process makes worldwide organizations (MNCs) the rule vehicle of imperialism’s drive to re-partition the world as indicated by financial force. Monetary emergency that is viewed as the best since the hours of the Great Depression can have contrarily sway on the business condition. This is especially evident in nations on the move; besides, outside speculations can make financial aspects progressively lopsided, with lamentable ramifications for both the creating and created nations. This polarization must be perceived by universal business structures and governments through neediness mitigation projects and methodologies intended to reposition underestimated economies to make them conceivable to take an interest in current turns of events. The issue is that even little American ventures to affect the worldwide market are to think, produce and sell all around. The supposed ‘global firm’ need to interface all the little undertakings into worldwide trap of creation, circulation and administrations. The procedure is fairly long haul and confounded one, on the grounds that the new plan of action has have key adaptability, rivalry with co-activity, level, decentralized work structures, and consistent correspondence continuously. [Held D., McGrew A., Goldblatt D. what's more, Perraton J., 1999] The re-authoritative procedure has just started, that is in why it has a relentless force: it exists at all levels, including financial matters, legislative issues, social and work circles. As monetary power, globalization process makes worldwide organizations (MNCs) the rule vehicle of colonialism's drive to re-isolate the world as indicated by financial force. [Douglas I., and Tervio M., 2000] The procedure of coordination of worldwide money related markets has expanded capital versatility and worldwide creation and dispersion structures, however has likewise debilitated the haggling influence of worker's guilds all over the place - the most key choices are made by personal business that extended the expansion of privatization; such approaches have a potential adverse effect on occupations and salaries all over the place. [Thomas T., 2000] Through the way toward rebuilding occupations in certain segments and places have been lost, however the movement from created to creating nations has affected capital versatility and the locational selections of firms, which favors social security, neighborhood foundation improvement, and market vicinity. In any case, from the social perspective, the presence of firms with a worldwide reach and profile calls for new business morals, and over-stresses on productivity and innovation, that has influenced the human component, causing depersonalization and spreading lack of care. [Thomas T., 2000] As a rule, the worldwide economy is to change the work market, and its results are legitimately associated with the manner in which these business sectors work, with the unionized and non-unionized areas. There is a nearby

2016 Freshman Denials - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2016 Freshman Denials - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2016 Freshman Denials We plan to make the final wave of freshman decisions available late afternoon today, March 18th. Unfortunately, we were not able to admit a number of strong applicants as we are limited in the size of our freshman class. We know that you have a number of other strong college options and suggest you focus on the other great opportunities that are ahead rather than on a denial from UGA. If your ultimate goal is to graduate from the University of Georgia, then we suggest you look at transfer opportunities down the road. For now, focus on your current college options, find one that fits you best, and have a great freshman year there. Please read our Denied Student FAQ if you have questions. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics or throw fellow classmates under the bus. These types of comments will be deleted.

Resume For Position Of Supply Chain Management Assistant - 550 Words

Resume For Position Of Supply Chain Management Assistant (Resume Writing Sample) Content: chronological resumeLamia AlhyDayton, Ohio +1688888888lamia@hotmail.com For position of Senior Supply Chain Management Assistant, I aim to pursue my career goals by supporting my supervisor, applying all my personal skills and hardworking tendencies in performing office duties, generating orders for stock replenishment and performing system management on real-time basis with whole zeal and zest. ExperienceJan 2011 March 2011/ May 2011- Aug 2011Nurse, King Khalid Hospital, Riyadh * Worked in isolation department. * Worked in surgical ward. Jun 2012 Sep 2012Nurse, King Faisal specialized hospital and research center, Riyadh * Critical care unit (CCU)2011 2012secretary, nofan trading est. * Efficiently functioned for Scheduling events * Renewal of Work and Residential Licenses * Managed Paying Bills * Worked in transfer branch for transferring sponsorships Educationaugust 2015 december 2019 (expected)bachelor of supply chain management, wright state university dayto n, ohio

William Wilberforce and the Abolition of the British Slave...

William Wilberforce the Abolition of the British Slave Trade William Wilberforce, a member of British Parliament, led a battle against Parliament to put and end to the slave trade, a brutal and inhumane business. It was not an easy feat to accomplish, lasting close to 20 years and there were many obstacles faced throughout the period. With persistence and perseverance, he and others that he worked with, were able to outlaw the slave trade of Britain. Not only did he affect his time period, but had a lasting affect on other societies, starting a movement of abolishing slavery. The British slave trade was one of the major parts of the British economy and it was very prevalent it the time, especially among the upper class. Slavery†¦show more content†¦He was also the person that arranged for Wilberforce to present in front of Parliament. Next, is Hannah Moore, who spent a great deal of her time helping Wilberforce plan out the campaign process. The next person is James Ramsey who like Clarkson did, helped collect evidence for Wilberfor ce. The things he observed were the harsh treatment and brutality that the slaves suffered on the plantations. The campaign was finally started. May 12, 1789 was the day that Wilberforce introduced the bill for abolishing the slave trade. The total length of the proposal was three and a half hours. It was said to be one of the best and most complete proposal ever given. In the speech, he gave twelve resolutions to the slave trade. He did a remarkable Greene 4 job and the Parliament members agreed with what was said. The reason that they were holding back from approving of the legislation was that they were worried that abolishing the slave trade would greatly affect the British economy. The next session was scheduled at a later date when this bill was supposed to be vetoed. Prior to that date, the French revolution began. With all of the hostility going on, the war was able to change Parliament’s view on Abolition and his proposed bill was dead. Another factor that led to Abolition not being at the top of the agenda of the Parliament was Britain had just lost the American colonies. While all of this wasShow MoreRelatedSlavery and Liberty ‚Äà ¬ Profit vs. Morality1306 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Slavery and Liberty – Profit vs. Morality 18th-Century British Writers Speed the Process of Freedom â€Å"By the late 18th century, over eleven million African men, women and children had been taken from Africa to be used as slaves in the West Indies and the American colonies. Great Britain was the mightiest superpower on earth and its empire was built on the backs of slaves. The slave trade was considered acceptable by all but a few. Of them even fewer were brave enough to speak it.† (AmazingRead MoreBritish History : A Man By The Name Of William Wilberforce1661 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most courageous men in British history was a man by the name of William Wilberforce. Wilberforce is most notably known for correlating the abolishment of the Transatlantic Slave Trade in Britain during the early 1800 s. This paper will provide a very thorough biography of the life and achievements of one of the most important men in English history. Can you think of a time in which you were challenged because of what you believed in? If so, did you stand by your belief or did you chooseRead MoreAmazing Grace865 Words   |  4 Pageshaunted by the oppressions of war. William Wilberforce, however, will return to his family, lay his head on his pillow and remember: the slave trade is no more.† Those words are uttered by the character Lord Charles Fox in the British House of Commons towards the end of the 2006 movie Amazing Grace. They sum up the singular accomplishment of William Wilberforce (1759 – 1833), British politician, philanthropist and leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade. The movie, based on his true storyRead MoreAbolition of Slave Trade901 Words   |  4 PagesThe main reasons for the abolition of the slave trade The trading and exportation of slaves has been a large part if Britain’s history since the early 15th century and the British Empire had been partly founded on the basis of exchanging slaves for goods and foreign products. 400 years after the slave trade began and people were finally realising how morally wrong the exchanging of humans actually was and on March 3, 1807, President Thomas Jefferson signed into act a bill approved by CongressRead MoreEssay about Amazing Grace1287 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous abolitionist William Wilberforce, who was responsible for steering anti-slave trade legislation through the British parliament. Contrary to what its title suggests, â€Å"Amazing Grace† isn’t really about the inauguration of the Christian hymn. Set in the 18th century England, it focuses on William’s political career to abolish the slave trade by arguing against it on the floor of the House of Commons, which placed him at odds with some of the most powe rful men of the time. William is a motivated manRead MoreEssay about Amazing Grace or Disgrace?1215 Words   |  5 Pagesmost of the western society accepted slavery and the slave trade. It took heroic efforts be brave, dedicated political leaders to eventually turn the tables. Amazing Grace is a historical film that depicts the life and work of British politician and abolitionist campaigner William Wilberforce. The film takes place in Britain between 1780 and the early 1800s, during which Wilberforce was working to write and pass a bill to abolish the slave trade. While watching this historical film, one might automaticallyRead MoreAmazing Grace By John Newton1260 Words   |  6 Pagesknown. It talks about John Newton’s person experiences, towards Slave Trade. He became a servant of a slave trader, was later saved and became a captain of slave ship. Knowing how it felt not to own yourself, he left his captaincy and looked to God for forgiveness, as, selling men was inhuma n. This song is referred to throughout the movie Amazing Grace which captures the process of abolishment of the slave trade and shows William Wilberforce single handing demolishing it. However, Amazing Grace (2006)Read MoreThe Hero Of Faith Based Social Justice972 Words   |  4 Pagesinspiration for individuals to pursue social justice, and the dedication to one’s faith can influence their commitment to accomplishing their specific goal or mission in the realm of social justice. The acclaimed hero of faith based social justice: William Wilberforce clearly portrays this relationship in his own life experiences as a converted Christian who dedicated his life to the work of social justice. Like a common thread intertwining the several heroes of social justice whom I have studied throughoutRead MoreWas William Wilberforce the Most Important Reason for the Abolition of the Slave Trade in 1807 and Slavery in 1823977 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Wilberforce is the name that most people in Britain immediately associate with the fight against slavery. Although he favoured a more cautious and gradual eradication of slavery, he was a key representative of the anti-slave trade forces. Gracious, witty, and devoutly religious. Wilberforce has become a convenient national hero, with 20,000 people attending a ceremony to mark the 100th anniversary of his death. His house has been turned into a museum and his larger-than-life statue has aRead MoreThe Abolance Of The Slave Trade1863 Words   |  8 Pagescolonies engaged in the slave trade and the Atlantic slave trade. Roughly twelve million African slaves were transported across the Atlantic from the early sixteenth century to the 1860’s. Britain became the largest slave provider, 3.1 million slaves were transported, but only 2.7 survived. The government of Great Britain banned slave ships from engaging in the slave trade because they believed it was not morally correct or morally right to have slaves. Walvin argues that the British played a major and

Fascism vs. Communism - 1380 Words

During the late 1920’s and 1930’s, Hitler and Stalin were leaders of Germany and the Soviet Union respectively. These states were under fascist and communist rule, which essentially were very similar. It was due to their full run of government that resulted in a dictatorial rule, also known as totalitarianism. Civilians’ lives were regulated in every aspect, some of which were their property and the military forces. Both parties used propaganda to bring awareness of their movement’s ideologies to their states in hopes that they would influence a large number of civilians, or if anything, all of them. The most comparable and recognizable aspect of fascism and communism was the fact that both Hitler and Stalin wanted a radical change for†¦show more content†¦Certain techniques that fascism and communism used were news reports, radio, music, and television; however, film and posters were the most influential techniques used during those times. One ex ample of how the fascist culture took over the film industry was the publication of a film called â€Å"The Eternal Jew†. It was shown in Germany theatres to destroy the image of the Jews by comparing them to rats that spread diseases. Stalin’s objective was to promote himself as a heroic leader. One way he did this was by promoting his Five Year Plan through presentations of posters that showed his efforts and the benefits the plan would bring. Whatever the propaganda method was, it was crucial that it had the interest of the people passing it. This way, Hitler and Stalin were able to get their message across to all citizens in Germany and in the Soviet Union easily, efficiently, but most importantly, positively. Hitler and Stalin took the lives of countless innocent people for no reason but to bring radical change to their states and to solidify themselves as leaders. It is evident that violence was the major part in getting the transformation that each party wanted, but what was most parallel between the two were the number of killings executed by each ruler individually. This is significant to understand because both leaders intentions were notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Communism vs Fascism834 Words   |  4 Pages The definition of communism is â€Å" a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.† The definition of fascism is â€Å"A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and cens orship, and typically a policy of belligerentRead MoreSpanish Civil War: The Struggle Between Fascism and Communism 1431 Words   |  6 Pagesconflict triggered the clash of the various cultures and ideologies within Spain. One important example of an ideological clash was that of Communism versus Fascism. This clash was so important that, based on an analysis of the level of involvement of Fascist and Communist factions in said clash, one must concede that the conflict between Communism and Fascism was represented to a great degree by the Spanish Civil war. One very important pro-communist faction that fought in this Civil War was theRead MoreThe Cold War : American Liberalism Vs. Soviet Communism1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War - was at its root a battle of ideas: American liberalism vs. Soviet Communism. The two ideologies clashed at their very nature, which led to deep mistrust and fear of the unknown about the unpredictability of the other. The two world powers simply could not exist without conflict. As a result, The United States of America took measures to prevent the worst: war. The steps the U.S.A took to quench the possibility of war separated the world even more, as they gave aid to some countriesRead MoreNazi Germany : A Political Conspiracy By The Jewish Population Of Easter Europe1149 Words   |  5 Pagespromote belief in this conspiracy was part of Germanys’ attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, as a â€Å"legitimate† reason to invade, to stop the spread of Jewish communist ideology. The belief that Jews were responsible for the creation and growth of communism existed in Germany well before 1941 but it only became useful as propaganda in combination with Hitler’s expressed fears of a Soviet betrayal and possible invasion of Germany. â€Å"Given Hitler’s main objective of Lebensraum in the east, it was inevitableRead MoreModern Democracy Essay2092 Words   |  9 Pagesafter witnessing the fall of European fascism in Germany and Italy as well as the impending rise of communism. He remarked, â€Å"It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried.† This essay agrees vehemently with Churchill’s assertion that democracy – for all of its faults – was, and still is, the world’s preeminent form of government when compared with all other alternatives, notably fascism and communism. By analyzing modern democracy in theoryRead MoreContexts of Metropolis and 19841295 Words   |  6 Pageslabour hard to keep Germany from falling while the rich were hedonist Social crisis- Kaiser and traditional authority rejected, democracy seen as way forward but only experimented with rather than fully integrated Opposing views: capitalism and communism Rise of Soviet Russia and its Influence on Germany Geographical proximity to Germany- socialist revolution was a continuous issue The workers and upper class despite being segregated, are actually quite close to each other in terms of location InspiredRead MoreGood Versus Evil and Democracy Versus Fascism1453 Words   |  6 Pagesthe six year war. The united states became the strongest nation in the world, thus being named the â€Å"good war† due to the outcome of the â€Å"good vs. evil† war, economical status, military strength, women being put to work and the African Americans fighting part of war they were already in after the World war II ended. Good vs. evil and democracy vs. fascism were some of the ways the United States projected the war to Americans. Which lead to the contribution of the names for the war, known as â€Å"theRead MoreCommentary and Analysis of Samuel Huntington’s paper â€Å"The clash of civilizations1196 Words   |  5 PagesLately there has been a thought that the difference in Civilizations is another issue that may cause a conflict. Starting from World War I the arguments raised by nations were over an ideology: fascism vs. communism, communism vs. democracy. Some people believe that the next step would be a war based on a cultural sense and religion. Such war would unite people with similar beliefs, views on the world, language, tradition and history. They believe the conflict of the future will occur along the culturalRead MoreThe Communist And The Fascist Ideology Present At The Two Extreme Ends On The Political Spectrum2018 Words   |  9 PagesLenin VS Mussolini The communist and the fascist ideology present at the two extreme ends on the political spectrum, yet the two apparently different political systems shared many intrinsic similarities. Mussolini and Lenin, they were both worth comparison in that they used somewhat similar but still distinct methods to run their countries. Form a historical point of view, Lenin was more successful, for the reason that his economy and agriculture program was more useful to people, some violence andRead MoreSimilarities Between Adolf Hitler And Benito Mussolini973 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler Vs Benito Mussolini When speaking of modern totalitarian states Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini are bound to be mentioned. While being significant leader of the nation during time of depression and devastation, in which was caused by the first world war. They both were about to gain power in similar fascist and totalitarian views on how a country should be run. Despite their many similarities, they also were very different through their initial efforts of revolt, social ideas and

The Success Of The Unification Of Italy - 1472 Words

To unify a state, many components such as strategy, population willingness and cooperation are needed. All of those were crucial for the unification of Italy, but moreover it was the two men that have contributed the most; Count Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi. They were completely different. Cavour was the leading strategic power behind the unification and Garibaldi was the national hero inspiring the masses. It cannot be denied that the success of the unification of Italy depended on both of them. Although Cavour was the leading figure in the Italian Unification, its completion would not have happened without Garibaldi’s assertive actions. Before the Italian Unification, Italy has not been politically unified since the Roman Empire. Italy consisted of many autonomous city-states and there was also a great influence of foreign dynasties. Most of the North part of Italy belonged to Austria-Hungary, the South part to the Bourbon dynasty and the states of church, which were located in between to the Pope as the supranational sovereign. The Pope himself also created another barrier against the unification together with France, Spain and Austria-Hungary. During every invasion, at least one ruler always stood on the side of invaders for his own profit. Both the city-states and the dynasties were resistant towards patriotic movements, which were not of their own and fought neighboring states, representing a threat. After the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte, forty years ofShow MoreRelatedItalian Unification Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesItalian Unification Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi can be seen as a contrast between two inspirational and great leaders during the time of the Italian Unification. Cavour was a nobleman, always calm and well educated while Garibaldi was a rough passionate soldier with little education. Though these men both contributed greatly to the unifying of Italy, they are very different in their accomplishments as well as their motives. Garibaldi had been a republican, under theRead MoreUnification of Italy Dbq Essay example773 Words   |  4 PagesUnification of Italy: Pros and Cons After the Congress of Vienna Italy consisted of six separate states. Controversy over whether or not Italy should be unified stirred up during the mid to late 1800’s. The unification of the Italian states was an ongoing debate for quite some time. During the years of the debates people found the unification to be positive change, a negative change, and some had different opinions for their own certain reasons. Those who agreed that Italy should be unifiedRead MoreHow far do you agree that the limited appeal of Mazzinis ideas was the main reason for the slow progress of national unity in Italy in the years 1815-48?1527 Words   |  7 Pagesthe slow progress of national unity in Italy in the years 1815-48? In 1815, Italy had just emerged from Napoleonic rule and was completely divided into nine separate states; with different rulers and different cultures. By 1848, these states had progressed towards, albeit merely to a limited extent, some kind of national unity – national unity meaning the feeling of being united and together as one country. It could be argued that the lack of success in the reception of Giuseppe Mazzini’s ideasRead MoreNationalism and War Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesNationalism and War Does nationalism have a relationship with the causes of the wars between 1792 and 1914? This can be disputed through the events of the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the unification struggles of Germany and Italy in the late 1800’s, the Alliance systems of the late 1800’s and the assassination of the Austrian archduke before the outbreak of World War 1. During the French Revolution in 1792, an effort was made to remove Austrian presence from French lands. ThisRead More Unification of Italy and Germany Essay592 Words   |  3 PagesUnification of Italy and Germany By 1871 both the kingdom of Italy and the empire of Germany were united. Even though both countries used popular trends to that time, both liberalism and nationalism, the process unifying these two countries was very different. The end result was Germany emerging as a strong nation and Italy appropriately, the weaker. Italy’s problems started with the fact that it didn’t have one main ruler, but two people and a concept, resulting in a different approach toRead MoreItaly : A Country For Long?1666 Words   |  7 PagesItaly has not existed as a country for long--for a while, Italy was a politically divided combination of states. In 1799, Russia and Austria managed to expel France from Italy, but this only lasted until the Italian provinces and city-states were once again conquered by France and fell under the rule of Napoleon. Napoleon established the Kingdom of Italy, but with his downfall came the territorial provisions of the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Throughout these decades, the Italian states were greatlyRead MoreCavour United Italy Not Because He Wanted to or Intended to, but Because Circumpstances Forced Him to. to What Extent Do You Agree?1080 Words   |  5 PagesCavour was from Piedmont, which was a state in northern Italy still under the control of the Habsburg in the XIXth century. Because he was from the northern, european, civilized Italy states, it is questionable wether or not he wanted to create one nation along with the southern, more african-like, uncivilized Italy states. However, it can be shown that Cavour did want a unification of some sort for Italian states. To unify a nation to form a single state, a very strong nationalism is needed, whichRead MoreHow Far Do You Agree That Garibaldi Played a More Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagespart than Cavour in the Unification of Italy? Garibaldi and Cavour were two very influential people in the unification for Italy and without them the unification may not have occurred. Although they both ultimately wanted the same thing, the unification of Italy, they went about it in different ways. Cavour was a highly intellectual man, who orchestrated things from a political stand point ensuring good relations with countries like France, of which without the unification may never have succeededRead MoreThe Two Faces of Nationalism1493 Words   |  6 Pagesof the marked advancements in Europe that took place in the 19th century include the Industrial Revolution that was initiated in the latter half of the previous century and took a full swing in the 19th century by expanding into regions of Germany, Italy and Netherlands in Europe as well as the United States and Japan. Russia also experienced major changes due to the industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century. Perhaps the biggest social change that was broug ht about in the 19th centuryRead MoreRevolutions of 18481055 Words   |  5 PagesMazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi collapsed, and the Austrian forces took back control of Venice. In Italy, the Napoleonic Era awakened liberalism and nationalism. 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The First Round Of Antibiotics Didn t Wipe Out The E. Coli

The first round of antibiotics didn’t wipe out the E. coli so we had to call my boyfriend’s aunt. She was a kidney doctor, so I told him that if the bacteria in my urethra and bladder crawled up my ureters, he was going to have to drive me six hours north to her nephrology practice in Sacramento. The first time we spoke on the phone, she spelled out the names of a dozen different species of bacteria and together we called the urgent care center I had visited on Tuesday. After challenging the nurse’s credentials, my urinalysis was faxed to her office. She then wrote me a prescription for 200 mg cefpodoxime – â€Å"the big guns† my primary care physician later called it – after spending her Sunday afternoon on the phone with an infectious disease specialist and a half dozen pharmacists in the Valley. The pharmacy technician at Rite-Aid said she was the sweetest doctor who had called all week. She had a soft, feminine voice, an Ivy League sense of entitlement, and the persistence of a five-year-old. †¦ There are slot machines at baggage claim. A man with an uncanny resemblance to my father in his tattered XXL Patriots sweatshirt, cargo shorts, and Jimmy Buffett’s Margaritaville baseball cap is dropping quarters in the Elvis: The King Lives slot until the baggage carousel begins to turn. I am on the phone with Mike as him and his father drive in circles around McCarran International Airport searching for Gate E, but they can’t find it. I have already been sucked into the wormhole

The Marshall Plan Free Essays

THE MARSHALL PLAN By the end of World War II much of Europe was devastated. The region’s economic structure was ruined and the devastation to agriculture left millions starving and homeless. During the war, Axis powers targeted the transportation infrastructure, leaving railways, bridges, and roads in a state of severe disrepair. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marshall Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of the civilian merchant shipping industry had also suffered severe damage. Due to the economic strain placed on the European countries during the war, many had exhausted their treasuries. If not for The United State’s aid in the form of the Lend-Lease program during wartime efforts, this damage would have been much worse and the outcome may have been different. The United States however, did not suffer the same severity of destruction on its own territory. Consequently its massive agriculture and manufacturing base was still intact. For these reasons, The United States saw it necessary to offer goods, services, and monies to any European or Asian country, be it an Allied or Axis power. The U. S. continued providing aid after the war was over. Between 1945 and 1948, the U. S. ent $12 billion in aid to European Nations. The world’s major economies were crumbling and the U. S. realized the global impact. General George C. Marshall introduced a recovery plan in 1947, the European Recovery Plan or ERP. This plan, which later became known as the Marshall Plan, was the primary program for rebuilding and creating a stronger economic foundation for the countries of Western Europe during the post-war era, 1948-1952. The Marshall Plan provided an additional $13 billion in aid to European nations. Post-war relief from the U. S. totaled $25 billion. With a GDP of $258 billion, U. S. post-war investment in foreign countries totaled 10% of its GDP. For all Marshall Plan participants, the economic output was 35% higher in 1951 than the 1938 pre-war era. Poverty and starvation disappeared and Western Europe began two decades of growth in which it saw a drastic increase in the standards of living. This plan was a key element in European recovery and integration. It erased trade barriers and set up institutions to coordinate a global economy. Efforts were made to model European industrial and business practices using the more efficient American models. The Marshall Plan and the Bretton Woods system mandated free trade throughout the region. Through these acts, European nations standardized international exchange rates, set up the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which is now part of the World Bank Group. The European Coal and Steel Community which eventually became the European Union has roots in the Marshall Plan. Today, the term â€Å"Marshall Plan† has become a metaphor for any large scale government program that is designed to solve a specific social problem. It is usually used when calling for federal spending to correct a perceived failure of the private sector. The Marshall Plan has played an integral part in establishing a global economy. References http://www. polsci. ucsb. edu/faculty/cohen/inpress/bretton. html http://www. archives. gov/exhibits/featured_documents/marshall_plan/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marshall_Plan#Criticism http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marshall_Plan http://en. wikiquote. org/wiki/George_Marshall#Essentials_to_Peace_. 281953. 29 How to cite The Marshall Plan, Papers The Marshall Plan Free Essays string(128) " purported to involve Soviet subsidies and trade with eastern Europe, became known as the Molotov Plan, and later, the COMECON\." By the end of WWII the political map of the world was distinctly shaped. The former allies in anti-Hitler coalition entered into the era of ideological, military and industrial confrontation the humanity had never a chance to experience before; a confrontation used to be known as the Cold War with its iron curtain, unprecedented arm race and the support of various regimes including those which built their state doctrine on the ideology of terrorism. The political map of the post-war Europe was divided into two political camps, a pro-Soviet Eastern alliance and the Western Europe exhausted by the bloody war. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marshall Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The natural disasters of 1947-1947 ruined the agricultural infrastructure of some European countries. Especially damaged was transportation infrastructure, as railways, bridges, and roads had all been heavily targeted by air strikes, while much merchant shipping had been sunk. By and large the small towns and villages in Western Europe had suffered little damage, but the destruction of transportation left them economically isolated. None of these problems could be easily remedied, as most nations engaged in the war had exhausted their treasuries in its execution. With the formation of the confronting political camps the urgent political and economic actions were required first of all to reconstruct the economy of the countries opposed to the pro-Soviet block and secondly, to restrain the further expansion of the Soviet Union in Europe. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment, officially the European Recovery Program (ERP)) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding the allied countries of Europe and repelling communism after World War II. The initiative was named for United States Secretary of State George Marshall and was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Clayton and George F. Kennan. 1 In fact the Plan was offered to the Soviet Union if it accepted certain conditions like the changes in the political system and the outer control. It was understood that the conditions suggested by the US Administration would never be accepted by the Soviet rulers. The general idea of the Marshall Plan presupposed the elimination the tariffs, close economic integration and it could be said that the Plan was the beginning of the Euro integration process which is taking place nowadays. The attitude towards the idea of the European reconstruction was rather controversial in America. First of all such foreign policy was new for the United States and changed the foreign policy of the pre-war isolationism. At the same time the lessons of the WWII showed that the global security could not be provided under the isolationism doctrine. The State Department under Harry S. Truman was dedicated to pursuing an activist foreign policy, but the Congress was somewhat less interested. Originally, it was hoped that little would need to be done to rebuild Europe and that the United Kingdom and France, with the help of their colonies, would quickly rebuild their economies. By 1947 there was still little progress, however. A series of cold winters aggravated an already poor situation. The European economies did not seem to be growing as high unemployment and food shortages led to strikes and unrest in several nations. In 1947 the European economies were still well below their pre-war levels and were showing few signs of growth. Agricultural production was 83% of 1938 levels, industrial production was 88%, and exports only 59%. 2 It was the objective reality that the United States was the only country the economy of which was not seriously damaged by the war and the bipolar nature of the post WWII world needed some action restraining the Soviet influence. The ruinous effect of the WWII was the fertile soil for spreading the Communist ideas and consequently the influence of the USSR which was not limited by the ideology only but by the growing military, political and economic presence. On June, June 5, 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall gave the address to the graduating class of Harvard University in which he stated the preparedness of the United States to give the aid to European countries. The most important provision of the speech was that the Europeans should create their own plan of the economic reconstruction and the United States would finance such reconstruction. UK and France considered it necessary to invite the Soviet Union to join the European program of the post war reconstruction. Such appeal to Stalin would exclude possibly hostility from the USSR on one hand but on the other hand it was clear that the USSR would never accept the offer because the Cold War had already started by that time by the Soviet leaders. The major reason the aid was rejected by the Soviet rulers was that the Plan presupposed the creation of the unified European economy which was incompatible with the command economy of Soviet socialism. The US Administration considered the global economic stability to the guarantee of the political stability and security which was stated in Marshall Plan Speech in Harvard. â€Å"It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist†. 3 The position of the Soviet Union and it allies towards the Marshall Plan was rather predictable. Soviet rulers considered the Marshall Plan to be an attempt to destroy the Soviet domination in the Eastern Europe. The USSR allies influenced by the USSR, Poland and Czechoslovakia rejected the offered aid. Finland also declined in order to avoid antagonizing the Soviets. The Soviet Union’s â€Å"alternative† to the Marshall plan, which was purported to involve Soviet subsidies and trade with eastern Europe, became known as the Molotov Plan, and later, the COMECON. You read "The Marshall Plan" in category "Papers" 4 Some scholars consider the Marshall Plan to be a milestone and even a starting point on the long term global confrontation known as the Cold War. â€Å"Our analysis of the Marshall Plan will show that it was American policies as much as (and perhaps more than) Soviet actions that finally led to the division of Europe and thus to the Cold War itself. Many historians will feel uncomfortable with this conclusion; and it is certainly not a point of view that is popular with American historians, especially now. Nor should this much surprise us. After all, the Marshall Plan has always tended to receive favorable reviews within the United States—partly because few appear inclined to think critically about an act of generosity involving something close to $13 billion;19 partly because in the context of 1947 the Marshall Plan stood in sharp contrast to its shrill predecessor, the Truman Doctrine; and partly because of the huge reputation of George Marshall, whose role in the Marshall Plan was commemorated by the British government with the scholarships that still bear his name. †5 Cox and Kennedy-Pipe suggest that the Marshall Plan was one of the major reasons of the division of Europe and it led to the Cold War. But this approach looks like that which is a little bit simplified. The confrontation of the USSR and USA was unavoidable no matter what political processes took place in the post WWII globe. First of all the confrontation was originally programmed in the ideological difference of the two systems. Nowadays we can observe the nominally Communist China and Vietnam integrating in the world market economy. The modern economies of China and Vietnam have nothing common with the traditional communist command economy. It could be said that the ideological basis of the modern China and Vietnam contradicts completely to the traditional communist approach to economy when the market and the competition according to classics of Marxism-Leninism are aimed to exploitation of the working class and prosperity of the ruling class. Nobody knows what kind of confrontation would be if the Marshall Plan were not introduced. One of the possible scenarios could be that the Europe remained in ruins, Soviets gained the unlimited influence and the greater part of Europe would get involved into the crazy arm race without any restrictive factor which would lead to the new global conflict. The Marxian ideologists interpreted the Marshall Plan as the manifestation of the US neo-colonial global policy. â€Å"US imperialism has never had need to operate in the traditional manner of the British, French or German imperialisms. These countries had to acquire direct political possession of the colonial areas in order to control, subjugate and exploit them. American imperialism, with its overwhelming capacity to produce, has always used economic penetration as its main weapon of gaining economic and political control over another country. †6 The American Marshall Plan was heavily criticized both in the United States and abroad. The opinions ranged from â€Å"the betrayal of the American interests† to â€Å"the attempt of global domination† but there was no any reasonable alternative suggested. The political aim of the Marshall Plan as it was stated above was to restrain the Soviet expansion and influence in the post War Europe and the entire world. The United States and the USSR were two global superpowers which defeated the Hitler block. At the same time as it was stated above they have basic system ideological differences which in their essence were incompatible. The United States and the USSR were destined to confrontation due to such differences. The first post – war political initiative of the USSR was the creation of the pro-Soviet block in Europe. Germany, Italy and Japan were destructed and demoralized to oppose the growing Soviet influence. The spread of the Soviet influence created the real threat to the entire world. What is more, the situation looked like paradox because the United States assisted to strengthen the position of its ideological opponent in the world. Due to its geopolitical position the United States could not provide the symmetric political presence in Europe. The Great Britain ran its traditional isolationist policy. France was not economically and politically strong enough to oppose the Soviet influence. â€Å"If Russia came to control Europe and Asia, this control could be founded only on communist dictatorships maintained against the will of the majorities of the peoples. The mere existence of a great free country like our own, to which anti-Soviet forces could gravitate, would then be a major danger (even more than it is today) to the security of the Soviet political structure. For this reason, the Russians would inevitably focus the full force of their economic and military power upon the destruction of our society, with a view to establishing here a regime subservient to themselves which would make no further trouble for them. They would hope that in this way the conscience of the world could be finally silenced†. 7 Such attitude towards position of Russia was a little bit exaggerated especially when Mr. Kennan said about the direct Russian aggression against the United States but still it indicated the real threat of Russian influence in the world. It is worth reminding that Mr. Kennan spoke about the Soviet threat to American society in 1948 when there were only two dominating military and political forces in the world, the USA and the USSR, one of which started forming the military and political block risking the superpower global balance. It is worth noting that the initial confrontation of the superpowers was the battle for minds. The Europeans with their destructed economies had the options to choose either the ideology of Communism with its dictatorship and command economy or find the way to rehabilitate their post-war economies on the basis of free market and the United States entered this battle for the sake of the Europeans. The post-war situation is similar to that of nowadays when the United States faces the problem of battling the global terrorism including the economic measures. As Gordon O. F. Johnson notes â€Å"Today we are fighting for the minds of those throughout the world who are inclined to support and sympathize with international terrorists. Just as the aim of the Marshall Plan was to â€Å"drain the swamps† where communism was drawing support, so we today must â€Å"drain the swamps† where international terrorism recruits and draws its support. †8 The outcomes of the Marshall Plan are of great significance for Europe and entire world. The most important of them is that the United States and the civilized community introduced and implemented the unprecedented tool of collective reconstruction. It is worth mentioning that the post-war European economies were rehabilitated by the Europeans themselves with the assistance of the United States. The essence of the Marshall speech at Harvard was that the European countries were supposed to reconstruct their countries themselves and the United States was not supposed to interfere into this process. That is, the United States provided only the tools for reconstruction without imposing any dictatorship. Another important outcome of the Marshall Plan was that the former enemies in the World War II succeeded to join their efforts in building the new Europe taking away the political, economic and ideological disagreements of the former enemies in the bloodiest war of the human history. The Marshall Plan apart from its economic value became the factor consolidating Europe. â€Å"The objective of the Marshall Plan was not to solve the problem of poverty by handouts and welfare systems, but rather to foster successful enterprises which would create productive jobs with a genuine future. Jobs and a strong middle class were key to fighting communism. They were key for Europeans to rebuild from the rubble and offer hope for their youth who were the most susceptible to the message of international communism. †8 The history of the mankind knows a lot of examples when the political and economic actions were imposed from outside. The Marshall Plan gave the brilliant example when the effective assistance program had the local character. It was taken as fair and sincere action because of its transparency and the complete lack of the outer dictatorship. It had a great ideological value as well indicating that people of the countries which were completely destructed by the devastating war were able to rehabilitate their economies and rebuild their home countries. Citation 1. Wikipedia 2. Ibid 3. Text of the Marshall Plan Speech 4. Wikipedia 5. Cox and Kennedy-Pipe 6. Homer Paxon 7. George F. Kennan 8. Gordon O. F. Johnson 9. Ibid Bibliography †¢ Marshall Plan, Wikipedia, available at http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Marshall_Plan#searchInput, retrieved 9. 11. 2006 †¢ Text of the Marshall Plan Speech, available at http://www. marshallfoundation. org/marshall_plan_speech_harvard. html#top, retrieved 9. 11. 2006 †¢ Cox and Kennedy-Pipe, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan, available at http://www. polisci. ucla. edu/faculty/trachtenberg/cv/jcws(marshall%20orig). pdf, retrieved 9. 11. 2006 †¢ Homer Paxon Marshall Plan: Road to Conquest Analysis of the American Way of Imperialism, From New International, Vol. 14 No. 5, July 1948, pp. 138-143. , available at http://www. marxists. org/history/etol/newspape/ni/vol14/no05/paxon. htm#top, retrieved 9. 11. 2006 †¢ George F. Kennan on the Strategic Background, available at http://www. marshallfoundation. org/marshall_plan_information. html, retrieved 9. 11. 2006 †¢ Gordon O. F. Johnson, Lessons for Today from the Marshall Plan, CIPE. ORG Feature Service: Technical Paper Series January 2002, available at CIPE. ORG, retrieved 9. 11. 2006. How to cite The Marshall Plan, Papers

Tourist destination of Sydney-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Tourist Destination of Sydney. Answer: Background of Sydney Opera House The Sydney opera house is considered as the Multi Avenue performing art centre. It is the one of the wonder of the world. It is the tourist destination which is most recognizable building in Australia. It is the icon of the creative and technical achievement of Australia. The main location of it is on Bennelong point which is having excellent harbour setting. It took more than 16 years to build. Australian tourist destination has been categorized into two areas international tourism and domestic tourism. The famous Australian tourist destination includes the cities of coastal which is situated in Sydney and Melbourne. Swot analysis of Sydney Opera House Strength of Sydney Opera house Well known place: Opera is well known tourist attraction place in Australia due to its theatrical art forms and along with that it has deeply emotional theater experience. It is the place which motivates so many people to develop impressive international career (Armstrong, Adam, Denize, Kotler, 2014). Major companies: opera has so many companies in which four are major. Along with that it has three state companies involving the state of Perth, Brisbane and Adelaide. Training and performance opportunities: All the major companies of opera are providing the opportunities to young generations singer. The facilities of tertiary training also exist is all major music conservatoriums nationally. Tourist attraction place: it is the place where most of tourist wants to visit. It is attractive tourist place in all over the world. it produces more than 7 million tourist visiting. Revenue generation: due to opera house, revenue of Australia is generated in huge manner. It is the strength point for Australia. It is valued by the citizen of Australia. Weaknesses of Sydney opera house Lack of hotels: it is the most attractive place and so many tourists come from different place even out of country, so it is necessary to have the hotels nearby Sydney opera house. Dependency: it is the place which is dependent on the seasonal changes during the year. The ticket of opera house is very high which is not possible for everyone to afford. Inadequate backstage facilities: it has been observed that the backstage facilities are not good and the pit of orchestra is cramped. The stage of opera house is not able to produce a quality sound of orchestra (Grnroos Gummerus, 2014). Lack of advertising: Sydney opera house is the leading place in all over the world. Still, it has some issues regarding advertising. Opportunity of Sydney opera house: Initiate the plan of workshop: opera house can do work on workshop. It will be the opportunity for opera house to introduce itself by showing its quality in all over the world. It will enhance the interest of people towards dance and drama and enhance the number of visitors (Pike Page, 2014). Cultural tourism: promotion of the art is considered as the contribution of cultural tourism to economy. Public education: it will be the opportunity to the Opera house to aware about the facts of opera house; it will reduce the adverse impact of people on opera house. Threats of opera Sydney house Lack of training: opera house is known by its theater and arts. Due to lack of training, artist would not perform in well manner. Lack of opportunities: lack of opportunities for new artist to work in opera will reduce the impact of opera house. Target profile The market segmentation of Sydney opera house is basis on geographical, demographic, behavioral and psychographic. Sydney opera house is attractive place in all over the world. In the order of geographical, it attracts number of people from all over the world (Li, Wong, Kim, 2017). Demographic is the important element for market segmentation of Sydney opera house because it covers income, gender, family size, income and education. Opera house has distinguished its target as per level of tourist. it is the place which values those person who are able to perform theatrical or art. Opera house can divide its market segmentation on the basis of occasion, benefits, loyalty status and the attitude towards destination place References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Ghorbani, A., Raufirad, V., Rafiaani, P., Azadi, H. (2015). Ecotourism sustainable development strategies using SWOT and QSPM model: A case study of Kaji Namakzar Wetland, South Khorasan Province, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 290-297. Grnroos, C., Gummerus, J. (2014). The service revolution and its marketing implications: service logic vs service-dominant logic. Managing service quality, 24(3), 206-229. Li, J., Wong, I. A., Kim, W. G. (2017). Re-segmenting a gaming destination market: A fresh look at Mainland Chinese tourists in Macau. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 23(3), 205-216. Pike, S., Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism management, 41, 202-227.

Marketing Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Marketing Persuasive Essay ?NAME:Article Applying to MarketingThe article I am writing the essay on ?Is The Tech Out Of Steam?, it can befound on pages 30 32 in the March 15, 1999 issue of Business Week. The articlewas about how the demand and profits for the computer industry might beslipping. This opinion began being felt on Feb. 16th when Hewlett-Packard Co. and Dell Computer Corp. announced quarterly results were down. Thatdisappointed Wall Street and their stock prices were punished. Many researchcontinues to point out that this industry might be on its way down, in terms offinancial gain. The industry will always be alive and kicking, but as prices continueto drop, profits will drop as well. That is a good thing for consumers, but a badthing for businesses. Although the research continues to point out the decline,nobody is predicting this to be a long-term slowdown or a significant fall indemand for high tech gear. Corporate demand for PCs is dwindling, therefore inorder for companies to sell, they must lower their prices. The price for a top of theline PC continues to drop. Every time Intel produces a new processor, they freezethe market. When Intel introduced its new Pentium III, they advertised it cheaperthan their previous Pentium II. Consumers seeing that wont pay top dollar forPCs anymore. That is one of the main reasons the ind ustry is at a lull. The onlycompanies that seem to be prospering are those whose main focus is the Internet. Those companies will continue to prosper as the Internet becomes (already is) themain focus of communication. This article can relate to class many different ways. Not only in differentways, but also areas. The fact that the computer industry profit margin is at a low,is supported by a lot of research. This research is quantitative in that, it is given inpercentages and statistics. For example, A survey for top corporations by marketresearch firm Forrester Research Inc, shows they plan to raise informationtechnology spending by just 1% this year, down from 4% in 1998. Thisquantitative research that is shown throughout the entire article is also primarydata. Unlike the law of diminishing demand which relates to most of the businessworld, the demand for computers is falling, as is the price. The graph on the firstpage on the article clearly shows that the first-quarter PC sales is down halfcompared to 1996. Then in the article it says the pricing pressure is spreadingwhere sub $1000 PCs are ruling. Pentium also shows an example of a productline. Their Pentium II and Pentium III processors are only a few in a line of 10 orso. Finally, the last thing that relates to class is how Intel acts as a reference groupand/or group leader to the entire market. It says in the article that when Intelreleases a new processor, the entire market freezes. That just shows that manycompanies basically stop and watch the Intel product through the market in itsearly stages. Business Reports

Understand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace free essay sample

Assignment Front Sheet Qualification Unit Number and Title Pearson BTEC Level 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 3: Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 18/04/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand 1. 1 how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace 1. 2 1. 3 In this assessment you will Task have the opportunity to No. present evidence that shows you are able to review systems, policies and 1Â  procedures for communicating information on health and safety in the health and social care workplace in accordance with legislative requirements Evidence (Page no) assess the responsibilities in 1 a specific health and social care workplace for the management of health and safety in relation to organisational structures analyse health and safety 1 priorities ap propriate for a specific health and social care workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand how health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Understand 2. 1 the ways in which health and safety requirements impact on customers and 2. 2 the work of practitioners in the health and social care workplace 2. 3 2. 4 LO3 Understand the monitoringand review of health and safety in the health and social care workplace 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 analyse how information from risk assessments informs care planning for individuals and organisational decision making about policies and procedures analyse the impact of one aspect of health and safety policy on health and social care practice and its customers discuss how dilemmas encountered in relation to implementing systems and policies for health, safety and security may be addressed analyse the effect of noncompliance with health and safety legislation in a health and social care workplace explain how health and safety policies and practices are monitored and reviewed 2 analyse the effectiveness of health and safety policies and practices in the workplace in promoting a positive, healthy and safe culture evaluate own contributions to placing the health and safety needs of individuals at the centre of practice. 3 2 2 2 3 3 Learner declaration I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged. Student Signature: Date: 2 In addition to the above PASS criteria, this assignment gives you the opportunity to submit evidence in order to achieve the following MERIT and DISTINCTION grades. Grade Descriptor Indicative characteristic/s Contextualisation M1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions Effective judgements have been made M2 Select/design and apply appropriate methods and techniques A range of sources of information have been applied M3 Present and communicate appropriate findings Communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Conclusions have been arrived at through synthesis of ideas and have been justified

How to Display Menu Item Hints in Delphi Applications

How to Display Menu Item Hints in Delphi Applications Use specific coding language to program Delphi applications to display a hint, or tooltip, when the mouse hovers over a menu component. If the ShowHint property is set to true and you add text to the hint property, this message will be displayed when the mouse is placed over the component (a TButton, for example). Enable Hints for Menu Items Because of the way Windows is designed, even if you set the value for the hint property to a menu item, the popup hint will not get displayed. However, the Windows start menu items do display hints. The favorites menu in Internet Explorer also displays menu item hints. It is possible to use the OnHint event of the global application variable in Delphi applications to display menu item hints in a status bar. Windows does not expose the messages needed to support a traditional OnMouseEnter event. However, the WM_MENUSELECT message is sent when the user selects a menu item. The WM_MENUSELECT implementation of the TCustomForm (ancestor of the TForm) sets the menu item hint to Application.Hint so it can be used in the Application.OnHint event. If you want to add menu item popup hints (tooltips) to your Delphi application menus, focus on the WM_MenuSelect message. Popup Hints Since you cannot rely on the Application.ActivateHint method to display the hint window for menu items (as menu handling is completely done by Windows), to get the hint window displayed you must create your own version of the hint window by deriving a new class from the THintWindow. Heres how to create a TMenuItemHint class. This is a hint widow that actually gets displayed for menu items! First, you need to handle the WM_MENUSELECT Windows message: type TForm1 class(TForm) ... private procedure WMMenuSelect(var Msg: TWMMenuSelect) ; message WM_MENUSELECT; end...implementation...procedure TForm1.WMMenuSelect(var Msg: TWMMenuSelect) ;var  Ã‚  menuItem : TMenuItem;  Ã‚  hSubMenu : HMENU;begin inherited; // from TCustomForm (so that Application.Hint is assigned) menuItem : nil; if (Msg.MenuFlag $FFFF) or (Msg.IDItem 0) then begin if Msg.MenuFlag and MF_POPUP MF_POPUP then begin hSubMenu : GetSubMenu(Msg.Menu, Msg.IDItem) ; menuItem : Self.Menu.FindItem(hSubMenu, fkHandle) ; end else begin menuItem : Self.Menu.FindItem(Msg.IDItem, fkCommand) ; end; end;  Ã‚  miHint.DoActivateHint(menuItem) ;end; (*WMMenuSelect*) Quick info: the WM_MENUSELECT message is sent to a menus owner window when the user selects (but does not click) a menu item. Using the FindItem method of the TMenu class, you can get the menu item currently selected. Parameters of the FindItem function relate to the properties of the message received. Once we know what menu item the mouse is over, we call the DoActivateHint method of the TMenuItemHint class. The miHint variable is defined as var miHint : TMenuItemHint and is created in the Forms OnCreate event handler. Now, whats left is the implementation of the TMenuItemHint class. Heres the interface part: TMenuItemHint class(THintWindow)private activeMenuItem : TMenuItem; showTimer : TTimer; hideTimer : TTimer; procedure HideTime(Sender : TObject) ; procedure ShowTime(Sender : TObject) ;public constructor Create(AOwner : TComponent) ; override; procedure DoActivateHint(menuItem : TMenuItem) ; destructor Destroy; override;end; Basically, the DoActivateHint function calls the ActivateHint method of the THintWindow using the TMenuItems Hint property (if it is assigned). The showTimer is used to ensure that the HintPause of the Application elapses before the hint is displayed. The hideTimer uses Application.HintHidePause to hide the hint window after a specified interval. Using Menu Item Hints While some might say that it is not a good design to display hints for menu items, there are situations where actually displaying menu item hints is much better than using a status bar. A most recently used (MRU) menu item list is one such case. A custom taskbar menu is another.

Global Marketing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example The second part of the study will be discussing the experience of 24/7 Stop as the primary provider of non-food commodities in the country. This part of the study will be covering the existing strategies that 24/7 Stop is engages in, such that they stay on top of the non-food retail industry. The paper will compose of the analysis of the company itself as well as the industry that it thrives in, particularly the non-food sector of the retail industry. The tools to be used in this examination include the analysis; analysis of its PEST and Porter's Diamond Model . The last part of the study will consist of a set of recommendations formulated by the researcher based on the results of the tools used in the analysis of the industry and the company. Thailand has done remarkably well since the beginning of the economic reform movement in 1978 (Wu, 1996). Between 1979 and 1995, Thailand's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.5 percent. Thailand's exports grew even faster and Thailand now ranks among the world's top 10 exporting economies. Moreover, Thailand's entry into the WTO will make Thailand's door even more open. Both foreign investment and foreign trade are expected to increase (Chow, 2000). Foreign firms will begin to penetrate Thailand's financial and telecommunication sectors. Trade will increase in both directions and Thai tariffs will be lowered and Thai goods will have better access to world markets open to members of the WTO. Using foreign competition to stimulate the domestic economy is a major objective in seeking to join WTO, as explicitly stated by the government Bangladesh has become a pioneer in the international garments industry as she is a major exporter of garments in the world which is very helpful in the country because it contributes not only to the country's GNP but also for a number of reasons like for example it had created a number of jobs. The country had created many new jobs of about 1.5 million, mostly for women - have been created by the country's dynamic private ready-made garment industry, which grew at double-digit rates through most of the 1990s. Despite the country's politically motivated general strikes, poor infrastructure, and weak financial system, Bangladeshi entrepreneurs have shown themselves adept at competing in the global garments marketplace. Bangladesh's exports to the U.S. surpassed $1.9 billion in 1999. Bangladesh also exports significant amounts of garments and knitwear to the EU market. The country has done less well, however, in expanding its export base-garments account for more than three-fourths of a ll exports, dwarfing the country's historic cash crop, jute, along with leather, shrimp, pharmaceuticals and ceramics (Bangladesh Garment and Exporters Association, 1997). Bangladesh' overview in their economy has made significant strides in that sector since her independence in 1971. Although the economy has improved vastly in the 1990s, Bangladesh still suffers an image crisis due to her civil war period of early 1970s. Despite major impediments to growth like the inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, inadequate power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms, Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wajed's Awami League government has made some headway improving the climate for foreign investors and liberalizing the capital markets; for example, it has negotiated with foreign firms

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan Assignment

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan - Assignment Example Besides food, gift items are also sold by the business to the customers for their special occasions. It is essential for every business to market their products in order to boost sales. Marketing is vital for creating customer awareness and to pull the customers towards the commodity (Armstrong & Kotler 2005, pp.10). Strategies and Tactics Market Segmentation The primary target audiences of Ann’s Pantry are the families who belong to the elite class who can visit the place for recreational purposes and for celebrations such as private parties. The secondary target audience of Ann’s Pantry is the youth who belong to the upper class and those who can spend money on parties. The youth love to party and especially at places which have good scenic beauty and attractions. The main attractions of Moelfre need to be communicated to the people to increase demand. These include coastal footpath, Royal Charter and Moelfre lifeboat which the people can enjoy (Kashani, et.al. 1999, pp. 10). Characteristics The characteristics of the audience are that they belong to elite class, they live a lavish lifestyle and they like to try new things. These people love to enjoy during their spare time for which they are also willing to spend heavy amounts. The characteristics of the primary market differ from the secondary market because of the lifestyles since the youth are more fun loving, their choice of food and music and style of arranging parties differ from families. Benefits 1. A variety of foods is offered at Ann’s Pantry 2. People can also arrange parties; however, due to issues with regards to space, only thirty people can be adjusted at one time. 3. The quality of food is very good because of quality of raw materials used. 4. The three main attractions at Moelfre include coastal footpath, Royal Charter and Moelfre lifeboat. Goals and Objectives To make Ann’s Pantry successful, certain communication goals and objectives have been planned for three years. These goals are realistic which means that they are rational and they can be achieved within the time period of three years that have been defined. 1. Brand Awareness - Since Ann’s Pantry s located in a village, therefore, awareness with regards to the brand needs to be created. This is important because customers should know about it for them to visit the place (Dunbar & McDonald 2004, pp. 200). 2. Consumer Attitude - It is essential for the customers to develop positive attitude towards Ann’s Pantry and this is because this will enable them to spread good thing about it through word of mouth which will increase sales in the long-run. 3. Consumer Satisfaction - When customers visit Ann’s Pantry, it must be ensured that they are fully satisfied. A customer who is dissatisfied is more prone to spread negativity of the business which creates a negative image of the business. 4. Market Share - The aim should be to double the market share within three years, and for this, customer awareness must be improved and their level of satisfaction must be enhanced (Barker 2008, pp. 150). 5. Sales and Profit - Increasing market share by double digits will increase sales and profits too. Proposed IMC Program Promotional Tools In order to communicate the message and to involve the primary and the secondary customers, the online promotional tools which will be used by Ann’s Pantry that include the following. 1. Contest –

Recent human resource development analysis

Recent human resource development analysis Accompanied with the increasingly recognized facts that people, together with their knowledge and skill sets, are becoming the underpinning and sustainable drivers of the Companies competitive advantages, the strategic importance of the human resource development (Hereafter as HDR) has merited growing attention from a wide variety of the practitioners and scholars from different organizations and institutions. In many successful learning organizations, which advocated learning and development at workplace, have refashioned their training schemes and put HDR on their top priorities as the primary management tool. According to Bratton and Gold (2003), the HDR has been closely intertwined and interacted to such issues as performance management, organizational improvement, and become the core of the companies strategies. The rest of the paper is divided into two sections. In the first part, the theoretical perspectives of the contemporary HRD will be briefed and compared. Those factors that significantly reshaped the emergence of strategic approaches are discussed as well. The second part mainly endeavors to go further deep by analyzing the practicality of those theoretical perspectives, examining how they reflect themselves in real business environment. The Russells Ltd is selected for the case-study, the companys main problems may get sorted and feasible HDR solutions are offered. Definition of human resource development As the discipline of the HRD is still development and changing, it is impossible to deliver a precise and static definition of the HDR. Among all the researchers, McLean and McLean (2001), give relatively objective description of the HDR. It is any process or activity that, either initially or over the long term, has the potential to develop adults work-based knowledge, expertise, productivity and satisfaction, whether for personal or group gain or for the benefit of an organization, community, nation of ultimately the whole humanity. According to Tseng and McLean (2008), the substance of HDR consists of three core professional and practical issues, learning, performance, and change. In the recent decades, there have been wide scales of changes that occurred and affected the HDR conception and practices. Some of them have larger significance relative to others and are covered in this paper. The recent human resource development The rapid evolution in the technical advancement, together with the globalization of the markets, and the fast growth of the worldwide economies is provoking the dynamism of the global markets, making customers expectations fast changing and highly unpredictable. Against this backdrop, it requires more inputs and efforts from organizations to maintain their competitive edges over their rivalries. (Johnson et al, 2008). The change management starts to catch the spotlight of many organizations and institutions, and the norm, that learning is the only option for companies to remain flexible and responsive to changes emerged. (Bratton and Gold, 2003) At his moment, the HDR is recognized as the creative tool that builds the learning environment, supportive and advocating, helping the individuals in the organizations foster learning oriented mind-set and making sure they have the right skills in working in the changing environment. (Noel and Dennehy, 1991) Garavan et al (2000) specified that there are three major theoretical perspectives on the contemporary human resource development. The first one is capabilities-driven HRD, under which, the people within the organizations are perceived as the source of the firms competitive advantages. HRD in this context is seen as the tool that endeavors to make sure these organizational capabilities are delivered smoothly and freely, and therefore, the organizational performance could be improved as a result. (Garavan et al, 2000). However, this perspective is subject to several limitations. First of all, it fails to capture the reality that the capabilities possessed by the people may be unstructured and could not be used directly to facilitate the organizational growth. Another limitation of this perspective is the assumption that the organizations have clearly measured goals, which are consistent and less changing. However, in the real business, the goals are both changing and ambiguous. Theref ore, the task of HRD is to develop a wide range of skills and capabilities. In spite of these limitations, Luoma (2000) still insisted that the strategic HRD is the most effective approach to synchronize the workforce development with the organizational capabilities, ensuring that the learning and training could help the organizations meet their development goals. The second perspective on contemporary HRD, according to Garavan et al (2000), is connected to the employee-employer relationship and expectations. The role of HRD in the second perspective is all about managing and re-shaping the psychological contract binding between the employees and their organizations. Harrison (2002) specified that the psychological contract contains the feelings and attitudes of the employees toward their employers based on the level of satisfaction of their needs and rights desired. Such HDR is in particular, important and present during the corporate reconstructuring, in which the employee commitment, loyalty and flexibility become essential. (Bratton and Gold, 2003) As an impaired psychological contract could demolish the employees loyalty, commitment, motives and thus, performance level at the workplace, it is important to successfully and smoothly manage such relationship and expectations. (DelCampo, 2007) However, the task is not easy as it is difficult to capture and measure the implicit relationship, as the expectations are both vague and fast changing. Pate et al (2003) indicated that the impacts of the psychological contract violation are contextual, reinforcing the difficulty in managing the employees expectations. Hiltrop (1996) proposes that the reward schemes should be re-designed carefully if the organizations attempt to re-shape and reinforce the psychological contracts, and enhance the employees loyalty and commitment. The performance of the employees should be monitored continuously and contributions recognized fairly. On the other hand, the systematic and effective training should be provided equally to employees within the organizations, allowing them to develop their skills, knowledge, and to take on more challenging but rewarding tasks. However, even with the full implementation of the schemes suggested by Hiltrop (1996) and other researchers, it is still inevitable to avoid employee losses, the reducing level of commitment and loyalty due to the intensifying talent war and growing competition unless the organization is large and competitive enough. Garavan (2000) terms such phenomenon as economical disadvantages with respect to psychological contracts. The third perspective on contemporary HRD is centered on two parts, organizational learning and learning organization. (Garavan, 2000) This approach is developed from the recognition of the first approach. According to Swart et al (2005) the acknowledgement that the people, together with their skills and knowledge, constitute the sources of the firms competitive advantages urges the organizations to invest in the organizational learning. Compared to the first perspective, the third perspective simply shifts the focus from the simple, unstructured training interventions to learning and development throughout the organization, which is more systematic and organized. (CIPD, 2008) According to Bratton and Gold (2003), the major difference between organizational learning and learning organization is the different objectives set and perceived by the organizations. The former is more biased to the achieve the growth through the learning schemes while the later focus on the development of th e training schemes rather than the growth in the terms of other indicators, usually monetary. Thus, the organizational learning is more about the establishment of the accurate objectives of the organizations, which could facilitate the firms to design the training schemes more specially, while on the other hand, the organizational learning uses more accommodative and wide variety of training schemes. It creates a no-blame approach, using every mistake made as opportunities to learn. (Megginson et al, 1999) Compared to the organizational learning, the learning organization focus more on learning and regard the knowledge creation as a source of the organizations competitive advantages. In a nutshell, all the three perspectives on HRD are not isolated but connected to each other. It is worth mentioning that the study of the HRD should as a result, conducted from the multiple perspectives. It is also recognized that the HRD is becoming more and more strategically important. The major aspects and elements of the strategic HRD will be presented in the following section. Strategic human resource development The strategic human resource development (SHRD) mainly concerns the creation of the learning organization that facilitates learning and development at all levels of the organization, enabling the organizations to improve their performance and attain their competitive advantages. The development of the SHRD should be put in line with the design of the overall corporate strategies. (Bratton and Gold, 2003) According to Wognum (2001), there are three steps to align the SHRD with the development of the overall corporate strategy. Firstly, we have to identify and spot the weakness of the organizations, together with the problems and bottlenecks encountered at the organizational level. Secondly, investigating all the issues separately and assess the potential implications of potential HRD solutions. Finally, implement the HRD solutions properly, making sure the problems could be solved and development achieved with the support of the learning and development. In 1991, Garavan recognizes 9 primary characteristics of SHRD. They are listed as follow: 1. Integration with organizational missions and goals HRD should be put at priority of the strategy setting process of the organizations to ensure it can fit into the business planning smoothly. 2. Top management support the effectiveness could only be achieved if the top management give sufficient attention. 3. Environmental scanning in designing the HRD solutions, the environmental factors, both inside the organizations and outside should be considered. It is necessary for the organizations to carry out detail environmental scanning at the early stage of HRD design. (McCracken and Wallace, 2000) 4. HRD plans and policies in order to fully unleash its strategic implications, the plans and policies should be formulated for HRD, and get incorporated into the overall business strategies and planning. (Garavan, 1991) 5. Line manager commitment and involvement line managers participation and commitment are as important as the involvement of the top management regarding the implementation of SHRD. HRD specialist should design particular schemes that facilitate the involvement of the line managers. However, such proposal faces criticisms. The major limitation is that HRD specialist concerned more about the strategic level planning while line managers focus on the operational level. As a result, the partnership, which is more interactive and bilateral, between HRD specialist and line managers should be established. (Wognum and Lam, 2000) 6. Existence of complementary HRM activities the association between HRM and HRD activities should be aligned as well. ODonnel and Garavan (1997) recognized the importance of the integration between the HRD policies and plans with all other HRM process, including recruitment, appraisal, and rewards. 7. Expanded trainer role the trainer should be given more responsibilities in designing the training schemes as they are closely connected to the employees of different levels. Their roles are more strategic than used to be. 8. Recognition of culture the HRD should be planted as part of the culture of the organizations, becoming the values of the organizations that drive the firms growth and sustainability. 9. Emphasis on evaluation the evaluation of the implications of HRD is an indispensable part of the SHRD. Although the 9 characteristics introduced above seem straightforward and clear-cut, it is difficult task to achieve them all in the real business context. Bratton and Gold (2003) also implied that the SHRD did not merit enough attention in most of the organizations in U.K. The top management only cares about the aspects that have the most direct impacts on the corporations profitability, such as raw material costs and GA expenses. In 2000, McCracken and Wallace tried to reshape the definition of the SHRD and modify the 9 characteristics, making them more proactive. They defined the SHRD as the creation of learning culture, both responding to the corporate strategy and being able to influence it. To put it simply, it is still a long bumpy road for the HRD to become strategic in the management and development of the organizations. One of the key barriers is that the SHRD planning is highly contextual. However, it is insisted that the most effective HRD could be strategic, relevant and unique in any case. It can bring the corporations unique advantages, which are not matched by their counterparts and most importantly, more sustainable than those generated from other corporate strategies. Human resource development in practice As it is difficult to compare the theoretical perspectives without applying them to different real business scenarios, this paper will use the case study of Russells Ltd to illustrate the key aspects of the various perspectives regarding HRD. The major problems and setbacks faced by the organization will be introduced at beginning and the HRD solutions will be given accordingly. Moreover, the people in the organizations responsible for different process of the HRD will be identified and their roles explained as well. Crucial HRD problems in Russells Ltd Russells Ltd is a multinational manufacturing company, of which the business covers a wide range of sectors. The company is going through its tough period as it finds itself hard to maintain its leadership position within the industry. Due to the highly intensified industry environment and the vast changes the organizations have been experienced, the company has decided to sack a huge number of employees, from 2000 works nowadays to less than 800 people in ten years. The negative impacts on the psychological contracts between the employees and the organization will be, definitely impaired as the sense of insecurity among employees and their decreasing trusts with the company starts to dominate within the company. Secondly, to improve the departments effectiveness, Russells Ltd has agreed to use the matrix structure, promoting the project-based working structure. As a result, the company is galloping through a turbulent environment and has to undertake some changes at all level of the organizations. To minimize the negative impacts regarding its HR management, the company has hired some experts at this area and the emphasis is about the training and development that can help improve the employee performance. Thirdly, as the psychological contract becomes weakened, any inappropriate action may further stoke the tensions. Therefore, it is necessary to rebuild the employee commitment as well as enhance their loyalty and flexibility. Moreover, as the company shifts its structure of matrix, project-based nature, it is necessary to develop the multi-skills and fast adaptive employees to make sure the overall performance of the organization will benefit from the structural change. However, it seems that the company failed to align the HRD strategy with the overall corporate strategy. To conclude, the key areas for improvement and solutions needed for HRD include: help the organization manage change through learning and development, improve the performance at all levels of the organization, re-gain the commitment, loyalty and trust from the employees, better align the HRD with the corporate strategy. Solutions for HRD strategy in Russells According to Noel and Dennehy (1991), the organizational reconstructuring provides the opportunity for the companies to improve their HRD strategies and therefore facilitate the companies strategic re-formulation. Russells Ltd is striving to become the company, with its competitive advantages coming from its learning organization, which advocates continuous improvement and constant innovation. As a result, when designing the HRD strategies for Russells Ltd, several issues should be accounted for. Change management As mentioned earlier, the Russells Ltd decided to shift its structure to matrix. This type of structure has both its advantages and pitfalls and HRD specialists should have good understanding of both. First of all, the matrix structure allows a good exchange of ideas from different corners of the organizations and therefore allows better knowledge interaction and integration alongside different organizational departments. (Johnson et al, 2006) However, the overwhelmingly huge information flows may also bring in some confusion. Decisions-making will take more time and the employees may feel ambiguous about their tasks and responsibilities. Therefore, to help smooth the structural change, the communication between the employees and the organizations should be reinforced. At this time, the employees may want to know the process of the restructuring and the downsizing, and also how these changes may impact their work. (Hiltrop, 1996) Organizational visions and objectives should be direct ly channeled to the employees at different levels of the organization. However, it is inevitable to have some resistance from the employees. In this context, the employee empowerment could be used to minimize the friction between the employees and the organization. Performance management The needs of the development at both individual and organizational levels should be specified accurately in order to promote the organizational performance. The performance improvement could only be achieved if the performance appraisal (PA) accurately reflects the development targets and needs required by the performance improvement. The well-designed PA could motivate the employees to learn and develop continuously and to take more challenging but rewarding tasks. (Swart et al, 2005) Moreover, PA represents an opportunity for the management to communicate with the employees from different levels and sectors of the organization. They can together discuss their performance, capabilities, and potential areas for improvement and development. (Bratton and Gold, 2003) Such interaction also facilitates the company in revamping its psychological contracts with the employees, rebuilding their commitment and regaining their trust and loyalty. Through this discussion, the employee involvement is a very important topic that requires the consideration from the HRD specialists. As employees are more aware of the areas that need improvement that the company is, to encourage the employees to participate in the discussion about the PA is very essential. They are not only to listen from the management but should have their own suggestions and opinions. They should have a say in the decision making process. (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2006) This can make employees feel they are the owners of the company. Therefore, the performance management and performance appraisal provides the organization an opportunity to align the organizational goals with employee performance and development. The line managers should work closely with the HRD specialists to identify the key areas for improvement and design the training schemes. (Harrison, 2002) In the longer term, the organization should be able to have its own talent management team, which is able to spot the potential weakness and select the most effective training solutions to improve the employees performances. In the end, it will be expected that the organization itself will have the ability to evolve and improve, a type of learning organization described earlier in this paper. Moreover, it is important to have the schemes that develop the multi-skills employees to make sure the effectiveness of the individuals will not be impaired due to the change of the organizational structure. The project-based nature will also raise the concern for better team communication, which requires a wide range of social and communication skills. (Stwart et al, 2005) Psychological contract As we have discussed before, the employees commitment, trust, as well as their trust with the company may recover during the process of the performance management. However, it still needs extra efforts in rebuilding the relationship between the company and employees. Those who survive during the redundancy should be mentored carefully to make sure they will remain productive. Hiltrop (1996) proposed that the reward system should be refashioned in order to revamp the companys images among employees. In this case, only continuous improvement and learning will be rewarded. Strategic HRD alignment In order to fully carry out the strategic function of HRD, the Russells Ltd should account for the 9 characteristics of SHRD proposed by Garavan (1991). As the organization is attempting to rebuild its leadership position and maintain its competitive advantage through consistent innovation, the learning organization should be built and reward system should be modified carefully to provide incentives for being creative and innovative. It is very essential to form an organizational learning system as Russells Ltd is operating in a very competitive industry. Suggested by McCracken and Wallace (2000), the PESTEL and SWOT analysis have to be applied by both senior and HRD managers. Moreover, as one of the 9 characteristics of SHRD it is necessary to gain the support from both top management and line managers at Russells Ltd. As the HRM department has achieved good results during the past, therefore, it could be assumed there would be little friction from the management and the line manage rs could commit to the changes proposed. However, in order to be more strategic, the HRD should consider more issues surrounding the changing environment. First of all, the role played by trainers should be re-defined. At Russells, the trainers are not just delivering lectures to the employees or design relevant training program, but instead, the facilitators and consultants of the organizational changes. (ODonnell and Garavan, 1997) Secondly and most importantly, it should be recognized that the organizational transformation may have an impact with greater significance on the organizational culture. The shift to the matrix structure, together with the downsizing may possibly create an atmosphere full of uncertainty and anxiety. As a result, the employees are not able to concentrate in routine work and be resistant to the changes. HRD should attempt to minimize the impacts on the employees and take its best try to form the learning culture. Finally, the HRD should be monitored consistently and any variance should be investi gated and any change necessary should be taken. As a result, there is great possibility that Russells Ltd could manage to carry out its change smoothly in making HRD strategic. However, it should be emphasized that although HRD could be given strategic importance, their functions may vary across different industries and companies. There is no single best HRD strategy. (Biswajeet, 2003) The key players in implementing HRD strategy The design of the efficient HRD strategy is just the beginning of the HRD management. The success of the HRD strategy requires the managers to clearly understand the goals of the HRS strategy and effectively incorporate it into daily management practices. (Hiltrop, 1996) At this case, the key players in implementing HRD strategy would be line managers at Russells Ltd. However, a survey conducted by CIPD (2004) disclosed that a large proportion of line managers are reluctant to take on more responsibilities about learning and development, which are the key to achieve the pre-determined organizational goals. The solution proposed by Wognum and Lam (2000) is to give more authority to line managers over the HRD planning. It is not enough to let line managers participate in the implementation stage. Such employee empowerment may offer more incentives and motives to line managers in pro-actively playing its roles during the HRD strategy implementation process. Moreover, it is recognized by CIPD (2004) that the role of line managers is very important as they are the person who holds the performance appraisal meetings. Therefore, it is necessary to organize training for line managers in carrying out performance appraisals more effectively and smoothly. The skills to monitor, motivate and mentor are equivalently important for line managers if they are going to use more accommodative performance appraisals schemes. (Swart et al, 2005). Conclusion To sum up, although there have been researches describing the importance of HRD, its essence is still under-recognized and there are limited association between the HRD and corporations strategic planning. As the on-going evolution of the HRD and the companies commitment to continuous learning, it will not be far that HRD gains the attention as much as subjects like cost management, marketing do. In this paper, three theoretical perspectives of the HRD are introduced. They are capabilities-driven HRD, the psychological contract, and the organizational learning and learning organization. It is worth mentioning that there is a tendency that all three perspectives are equally important and could not be exercised separately. In the second part of the paper, the Russells Ltd is examined to fully understand how different HRD perspectives could work to offer the company better solutions regarding HRM.